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The flow of fluids may be slowed down and sometimes completely stopped if the formation permeability and/or porosity is low and is wetted by the opposite fluid phase. Surface and interfacial tension of stimulation and formation fluids can be lowered by the incorporation of surface tension reducers and/or wetting agent in acidising solutions to assist in formation penetration and reducing pumping pressures. The surface tension of a 15% hydrochloric acid solution is 73.4 dynes/cm and can be lowered to 30 dynes/cm or less with the use of a special wetting agent such as this product.
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